唐山市门窗厂

断桥铝门窗设计、组装和安装对门窗性能的影响

Influence of design, assembly and installation of bridge broken aluminum doors and windows on their performance

国家政策正在积极推进绿色生态建筑，强化并提高门窗产品的规范和标准，并与国际标准和认证进行接轨。断桥铝门窗解决了原有普铝门窗不隔热的问题，成为绿色生态建筑的必然之选。断桥铝门窗是由型材、玻璃、胶条、五金件、窗台板及窗套等材料设计组合而成，断桥铝门窗并不是材料的简单组合，它通过结构安全性、可靠性的整体设计优化以及不同材料的选择来实现，其设计、组装和安装方式灵活多变，并直接影响到门窗的各项性能指标以及安全性、可靠性。

The national policy is actively promoting green ecological building, strengthening and improving the specifications and standards of door and window products, and in line with international standards and certification. Broken bridge aluminum doors and windows solve the problem of thermal insulation of the original aluminum doors and windows, and become the inevitable choice of green ecological buildings. Broken bridge aluminum doors and windows are made up of profiles, glass, rubber strips, hardware, window sill and window cover. Bridge broken aluminum doors and windows are not simple combination of materials. They are realized through the overall design optimization of structural safety and reliability and the selection of different materials. Their design, assembly and installation methods are flexible and changeable, and directly affect the performance indicators of doors and windows And safety, reliability.

1. 设计、组装

1. Design and assembly

门窗设计的目的是提高门窗的性能质量，门窗规范和标准是门窗设计的主要依据。门窗的各种性能不是单独存在的，它们之间或多或少存在着相互促进或制约的关系，所以我们很难把性能分开来设计我们的门窗。门窗抗风压性能、气密性能、水密性能之间联系非常密切。 GB/T7106-2008《建筑外门窗气密水密抗风压性能检测及分级方法》中规定的抗风压性能、水密性能、气密性能均为可开启部分在正常关闭状态时的性能，但抗风压性能、水密性能是在风雨同时作用下的抵抗能力，在设计中也要把这种动态的变化考虑在内。正在报批的最新标准GB7106《建筑外窗抗风压性能分级及检测方法》中调整了检测装置，修改了检测顺序和检测方法，取消了气密、水密和抗风压性能的分级，但需要满足工程设计要求等等。铝合金门窗组装要按照相关技术要求和规范，也取决于加工设备质量和人员操作能力，需要控制实际操作来把控门窗质量。

The purpose of the design of doors and windows is to improve the performance and quality of doors and windows. The various properties of doors and windows do not exist alone. There are more or less mutual promotion or restriction between them, so it is difficult for us to design our doors and windows separately. The wind pressure resistance, air tightness and water tightness of doors and windows are closely related. The wind pressure resistance, water tightness and air tightness specified in GB / T7106-2008 "test and classification method for air tightness and watertight performance of building external doors and windows" are all the performance of the openable part in the normal closing state, but the wind pressure resistance performance and water tightness performance are the resistance ability under the action of wind and rain at the same time, and this dynamic change should also be taken into account in the design. The latest standard GB7106, "classification and testing methods of wind resistance performance of external windows", is being revised. The testing device has been adjusted, the detection sequence and detection methods have been modified, and the classification of air tightness, water tightness and wind resistance performance has been cancelled, but the design requirements need to be met. The assembly of aluminum alloy doors and windows should be in accordance with the relevant technical requirements and specifications, and also depends on the quality of processing equipment and personnel operation ability.

1.1、 抗风压性能

1.1 wind pressure resistance

成熟的门窗产品需要对构件做相应的强度和挠度的计算，对产品的抗风压性能有初步的判断，最终还需要做相关检测来对产品定级。

Mature door and window products need to do the corresponding strength and deflection calculation of the components, have a preliminary judgment on the wind pressure resistance performance of the products, and finally need to do relevant testing to grade the products.

门窗抗风压性能设计需要把玻璃面板和型材部分分别计算，当玻璃不满足强度或挠度要求时，可以增加玻璃厚度、调整玻璃板块尺寸，也可以用强度更好的钢化或半钢化玻璃来代替普通玻璃。型材强度跟铝型材合金牌号有关，铝合金牌号不同强度也不同。当型材强度不满足要求时，可以增加型材壁厚、做加强中梃、增加型材宽度等(如图1)。

When the glass does not meet the strength or deflection requirements, the thickness of the glass can be increased, the size of the glass plate can be adjusted, and the tempered or semi tempered glass with better strength can be used to replace the ordinary glass. The strength of profile is related to the alloy grade of aluminum profile, and the strength of different aluminum alloy grades is also different. When the strength of the profile does not meet the requirements, the wall thickness of the profile can be increased, the middle stile can be strengthened, and the profile width can be increased (as shown in Fig. 1).

图1

Figure 1

五金系统是将窗框与窗扇紧密连接的部件，五金系统的稳定性很大程度上决定了门窗系统的优劣。五金的强度、设计和安装精度、锁点数量都影响着门窗的抗风压性能：强度好的五金能够提高合页的最大承重能力，满足更大重量窗扇的设计要求;设计和安装精度高的五金能够保证框扇的合理配合，防止风压下产生变形;锁点的增加相当于在型材的受力结构中增加了约束点，减小了型材的形变量，防止框扇搭接部位出现缝隙，提高抗风压性能的同时又提高整窗的水密性和气密性。

The hardware system is the component that connects the window frame and the window sash closely. The stability of the hardware system largely determines the advantages and disadvantages of the door and window system. The strength, design and installation accuracy of hardware and the number of lock points all affect the wind pressure resistance performance of doors and windows: the hardware with good strength can improve the maximum bearing capacity of hinge to meet the design requirements of larger weight window sash; the hardware with high design and installation precision can ensure the reasonable coordination of frame and leaf, and prevent deformation under wind pressure; The increase of lock point is equivalent to adding constraint points in the stressed structure of the profile, reducing the deformation of the profile, preventing the gap in the overlapping part of the frame and leaf, improving the wind pressure resistance and improving the water tightness and air tightness of the whole window.

增强边框组角的拼接强度对于保证整窗完整性同样重要，保证各个型材间有效连接。组角时通常采用角部注胶工艺，组角胶和导流板控制角部密封;角码和组角钢片的形状和尺寸设计控制着两型材间接缝的缝隙和强度，防止变形量大时使拼接缝隙增大，提高门窗的气密性和水密性(如图2)。组角质量也取决于组装时的操作水平。

It is also important to enhance the splicing strength of the frame group angle to ensure the integrity of the whole window and to ensure the effective connection between various profiles. The corner injection process is usually used for angle assembly, and the corner sealant and deflector control the corner sealing; the shape and size design of corner code and angle steel sheet control the joint gap and strength between the two profiles, prevent the splicing gap from increasing when the deformation is large, and improve the air tightness and water tightness of doors and windows (as shown in Fig. 2). The angular quality also depends on the level of operation at the time of assembly.

图2

Figure 2

当玻璃面板较大或较重时，必须考虑扣条的设计，图3中闭腔结构的扣条强度明显要好于开敞结构的扣条，防止玻璃受正风压时压迫扣条产生较大变形、玻璃向室内侧产生较大位移，如果玻璃内移与外侧胶条产生缝隙时会影响门窗的水密性和气密性。

When the glass panel is large or heavy, the design of buckle must be considered. In Fig. 3, the strength of buckle in closed cavity structure is obviously better than that in open structure, so as to prevent large deformation of buckle caused by compression of glass under positive wind pressure, and large displacement of glass to the interior of the room. If there is a gap between glass inward moving and outer rubber strip, the water tightness and air tightness of doors and windows will be affected.